Which of the following is a white-box test design technique?

• A. Control flow testing
• B. Black-box testing
• C. Beta testing
• D. User acceptance testing

Answer: (A)

White-box testing focuses on the code itself, using knowledge of the internal structure to shape tests. The technique that fits this approach by design is control flow testing, which builds test cases around the program’s control flow graph to exercise different paths, branches, and statements. By targeting how decisions and loops direct execution, it helps reveal logic errors, unreachable code, or incorrect branch handling that might be missed when you only look at inputs and outputs.

This contrasts with black-box testing, which treats the software as a closed box and tests based on external behavior without查看 the code. Beta testing and user acceptance testing involve real users validating the product in real-world conditions, not systematically probing internal paths.